江浙蝮蛇毒镇痛组分的中枢作用机制研究

 目的　探讨江浙蝮蛇毒镇痛C4组分的可能作用途径。方法　通过C4组分与阿托品、利血平、纳络酮药物的相互作用 ,探索其与乙酰胆碱受体、囊泡递质、阿片受体间可能的作用 ;通过脊髓化鼠实验、侧脑室给药和足跖定压实验揭示其中枢性作用 ;通过不同脑区的组织匀浆测定神经肽含量 ,考察C4组分对不同中枢部位的作用大小。结果C4组分不通过乙酰胆碱受体作用 ,而与阿片受体相关 ,它通过中枢起效 ,主要作用部位集中在丘脑、尾状核和红核等 ,对亮氨酸脑啡肽的含量有刺激增高作用。结论 C4组分与中枢亮氨酸脑啡肽关系密切。     

斑蝥的生药学研究

目的对芫青科昆虫南方大斑蝥Mylabris phalerata和黄黑小斑蝥Mylabri scichorii中药材性状、微性状、粉末显微及微量升华结晶物显微特征进行研究,为其鉴定工作以及《中国药典》2020年版的制定工作提供科学依据。方法采用性状鉴别法、微性状鉴别法、常规显微鉴别法、偏振光显微鉴别法及微量升华法,对6批南方大斑蝥和4批黄黑小斑蝥进行系统的生药学研究。结果首次获取了南方大斑蝥和黄黑小斑蝥微性状鉴别特征(体长、触角、鞘翅、内翅等)、粉末显微鉴别特征(刚毛、体壁碎片、鞘翅碎片、内翅碎片、肌纤维、气管壁组织、未消化的植物组织)及其微量升华结晶物特征的全息彩色影像数据。结论微性状鉴别研究结果补充完善了传统宏观性状鉴别的细微构造特征,显微及微量升华鉴别研究结果可作为中药材及中成药中斑蝥鉴定的专属性标志物。     

Vertical transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between generations of adapted reservoir small rodents

Vertical transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) between generations of the small rodents—red voles Myodes rutilus Pallas (previously known as Clethrionomys rutilus Pallas) was shown for naturally infected reservoir hosts and after experimental infection with different sublethal doses of the viral strains. For wild red voles and for their progeny born in 240–280 days after experimental infection of their parents the TBEV was detected in up to 90% of samples by RT-PCR, ELISA and bioassays. Small amounts of the TBEV RNA found in embryos, placenta and blood cells could serve as evidence of prenatal transmission. Postnatal transfer of the virus might occur through the rodent milk. Analysis of the TBEV E gene nucleotide sequences of RT-PCR products revealed missense mutations resulting in amino acid substitution K280Q in newborn red vole in comparison with its parent female.Taken together, the data confirmed the TBEV vertical transmission among generations of its adapted mammal reservoir hosts. The virus transfer might occur before, during and/or after birth of the small rodents with high frequencies. In the wild it could provide the TBEV long-term persistence in mammal hosts without an (any) involvement of arthropod vectors thus selecting dangerous mammal-adapted variants.     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的分离纯化方法研究

目的:研究长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的简单分离纯化方法。方法:采用DEAE-Sephadex A-25及Sephadex G-25层析的方法,比较二者对长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶简单分离纯化的效果。结果:从长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离出类凝血酶,SDS-PAGE电泳显示为一条带,分子量大约为35.5kDa,达到电泳纯。理化性质研究表明,此类凝血酶具有体外凝血活性,体外凝血酶比活力为12.57IU.mg-1,用N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐测得该酶的精氨酸酯酶比活力为137.65IU.mg-1。用蛋白酶抑制剂和乙二胺四乙酸对该酶进行抑制实验,结果表明该酶属于丝氨酸蛋白酶,而不是金属蛋白酶。结论:本方法可用于长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的分离纯化。     

黑角珊瑚的化学成分研究

目的研究南海产黑角珊瑚Amtipathes dichotoma的化学成分。方法经反复硅胶柱色谱纯化制备化合物,通过波谱解析及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构。结果从黑角珊瑚中分离鉴定了10个已知化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为stigma-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol(Ⅰ)、5,8-epidioxycampesta-6,22-dien-3-ol(Ⅱ)、胆甾醇(Ⅲ)、(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-N-(2′-hydroxyhexadecanoyl)hexadecasphinga-4,8-diene(Ⅳ)、(2S,3R,4E)-2-N-(2′-hydroxytetracosanoyl)octadecasphinga-4-ene(Ⅴ)、鲨肝醇(Ⅵ)、胸腺嘧啶(Ⅶ)、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(Ⅷ)、尿嘧啶(Ⅸ)、鸟嘌呤(Ⅹ)。结论所有化合物均为首次从黑角珊瑚属中得到。     

Induction and localization of hepatic CYP4501A in flounder and rainbow trout exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

The hepatic detoxification system in Baltic flounder and rainbow trout was characterized under experimental conditions. Fish were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 10 and 50mg/kg, ip) or vehicle for 2, 5, and 10 days (in rainbow trout also for 20 days) and then sacrificed. Control fish were sampled at days 0 and 10 (flounder) or day 20 (rainbow trout). The hepatic distribution of CYP1A was analyzed immunohistochemically and microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. The kinetics of the CYP1A responses (EROD) was similar in both species, while a species-specific difference in the magnitude of the response was observed. CYP1A was demonstrated in the hepatocytes in both fish species 2 days after BaP administration and throughout the experiment. In rainbow trout a CYP1A response in the vascular endothelium of liver parenchyma was detected 2 days postadministration, while the corresponding reaction in flounder was seen 5 days postadministration. Thus, our results confirm previous reports that the CYP1A response is species specific. Furthermore, the induction of hepatic CYP1A in Baltic flounder reflects pathophysiological effects induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and, consequently, is a parameter useful when monitoring the anthropogenic effects on the Baltic Sea environment.     

Calcium-sensing receptors and parathyroid hormone-related protein in the caudal neurosecretory system of the flounder (Platichthys flesus)

The caudal neurosecretory system of the flounder (Platichthys flesus) has been examined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization for the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR). The N-terminus nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of flounder PTHrP were determined and used to prepare oligonucleotide probes and homologous antiserum. The Dahlgren cells of the posterior spinal cord and their axons contained PTHrP protein which was also detected around the capillaries of the urophysis. PTHrP gene expression was abundant in the Dahlgren perikarya and axons in the spinal cord, but it was absent from nerve endings in the urophysis. Calcium-sensing receptor protein was present in the Dahlgren perikarya and axons, also with abundant gene expression, but there was neither protein nor mRNA in the urophysis. There were no apparent differences between freshwater- and seawater-adapted fish in either CaSR or PTHrP expression in the caudal neurosecretory system. These observations suggest that Dahlgren cells produce PTHrP which may be released from axons abutting capillaries in the urophysis. However, the sensing of ionic calcium appears to be confined to the perikarya of the Dahlgren cells in the spinal cord neuropil, suggesting that they are responsive to calcium in the central nervous system rather than the general circulation.     

星突江鲽肌肉的营养成分

<正>星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus Pallas),属鲽形目,鲽科,江鲽属.北到加拿大北极沿岸,南到北美和南加利福尼亚,我国黑龙江、绥芬河、图们江等河内,以及日本、朝鲜沿岸均有分布,星突江鲽体形美观,色彩艳丽;营养价值高,富     

Long-term exposure of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to the flame-retardants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are widely used flame retardants that have increasingly been found as contaminants in the aquatic environment. In the present study, European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were chronically exposed to TBBPA; (105 days) and HBCD (78 days), in a wide range including environmentally relevant concentrations. TBBPA was administered via the water, whereas HBCD was administered in food and sediment, or in sediment alone. Chemical analysis of muscle showed an average increase in internal concentrations of approximately two orders of magnitude for both compounds tested. Animals exposed to HBCD via sediment alone (8000 microg/g total organic carbon, TOC) showed a proportional increase of alpha-HBCD in muscle compared to animals exposed via food and sediment. In both studies, exposure to the test compounds did not affect general health and toxicity parameters (behavior, survival, growth rate, relative liver and gonad weight). Hepatic microsomal enzyme activities (TBBPA: EROD; HBCD: EROD, PROD, and BROD) were not induced by any of the tested chemicals. Aromatase activity in male gonads showed a mild increase with rising TBBPA levels. There were no morphological and immunohistochemical indications for increased production of the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (VTG) in animals exposed to TBBPA and HBCD; immunochemical analysis of plasma VTG levels showed no dose response in animals exposed to TBBPA. In animals exposed to TBBPA, levels of the thyroid hormone thyroxin (T(4)) increased with internal concentrations of the test compound, possibly indicating competition of TBBPA for plasma protein binding. Triiodothyronin (T(3)) levels were not affected and histology showed no signs of altered thyroid gland activity. Other organs investigated (liver, gills, kidney, skin, and gonads) revealed no histological changes related to TBBPA or HBCD exposure. Overall, the present results indicate limited endocrine effects of these widely used flame retardants in a test species representative of European estuaries at environmentally relevant exposure levels and at internal levels up to 4300 ng TBBPA/g wet weight, and 446 microg HBCD/g lipid weight in flounder muscle.     

Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity in flounder collected from contaminated and reference sites along the Polish coast

The aim of the present study was to examine the activity of hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) in flounder, Platichthys flesus, as a potential biomarker of exposure to xenobiotics present in the environment. The fish were collected along known pollution gradients and from areas regarded relatively free of anthropogenic input. GST was measured spectrophotometrically in each sampled specimen of flounder. The databases from the studies performed by two research institutes were compiled, and generalized linear models were used to analyze the dependence of the enzyme activity on the time and area of sampling and on selected biological parameters of the fish. Fish sex, sampling area, year, month, water temperature, and somatic indices (gonado-somatic index, hepato-somatic index) were significant in the model of GST activity. The three annual datasets showed that the biomarker activities exhibited in the Gulf of Gdansk were significantly different from those measured in the areas off the coast.